The United States Cabinet (usually referred to as the President's Cabinet or simplified as the Cabinet) is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch On the study of political science the executive branch of government has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the republican idea of the separation of powers of the federal government of the United States The federal government of the United States is the central government entity established by the United States Constitution, which shares sovereignty over the United States of America with the governments of the individual U.S. states. For official purposes in U.S. courts, the government is sued as the United States of America, and is referred to. Its existence dates back to the first American ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language President The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States, George Washington George Washington served as the first constitutional President of the United States from 1789 to 1797, and as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. His role in the revolution and subsequent independence and formation of the United States was significant, and is seen by Americans as the ", who appointed a Cabinet of four people (Secretary of State The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet and the highest-ranking cabinet secretary both in line of succession and order of precedence. The current Secretary of State is Hillary Rodham Clinton, the 67th person, and third woman Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). Jefferson was one of the most influential Founding Fathers, known for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States. Jefferson envisioned America as the force behind a great "; Secretary of the Treasury The United States of America Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and, until 2003, some issues of national security and defense. This position in the Federal Government of the United States is analogous to the finance ministers of other countries. Most Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher. Aide-de-camp to General George Washington during the American Revolutionary War, he was a leader of nationalist forces calling for a new Constitution; he was one of America's first Constitutional lawyers, and wrote; Secretary of War The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Henry Knox Henry Knox was an American bookseller from Boston who became the chief artillery officer of the Continental Army and later the nation's first secretary of war; and Attorney General The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. The Attorney General is considered to be the chief lawyer of the U.S. government. The Attorney General serves as a member of the President's Cabinet, but is Edmund Randolph Edmund Jenings Randolph was an American attorney, the seventh Governor of Virginia, the second Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General) to advise and assist him in his duties. Cabinet officers are nominated by the President and then presented to the United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate and the House are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution . Each U.S state is represented by two senators, regardless of population. Senators serve staggered for confirmation or rejection Advice and consent is an English phrase frequently used in enacting formulae of bills and in other legal or constitutional contexts, describing a situation in which the executive branch of a government enacts something previously approved of by the legislative branch by a simple majority. If approved, they are sworn in An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations. Such oaths are often required by the laws of the state, religious body, or other organization before the and begin their duties. Aside from the Attorney General, and previously, the Postmaster General The United States Postmaster General is the executive head of the United States Postal Service. The office, in one form or another, is older than both the United States Constitution and the United States Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin was appointed by the Continental Congress as the first Postmaster General, serving slightly longer, they all receive the title Secretary. Members of the Cabinet serve at the pleasure of the President, which means the President may remove them at will.

Contents

Constitutional and legal basis

Confirmation requirement

Article Two Article Two of the United States Constitution creates the executive branch of the government, comprising the President and other executive officers, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution says that the President

“ shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. ”

Other constitutional references

Article Two of the Constitution Article Two of the United States Constitution creates the executive branch of the government, comprising the President and other executive officers provides that the President can require "the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices."[1] The Constitution did not then establish the names (or list or limit the number) of Cabinet departments; those details were left to the Congress to determine.

Later, upon addition of the 25th Amendment The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities. It supersedes the ambiguous wording of Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the Constitution, which does to the Constitution, a provision was created allowing the Vice President The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The vice president, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term. The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of and "a majority of the principal officers" of the executive branch departments to transmit a notice (to the Speaker of the House The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, or Speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article 1, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which states in part, "The House of Representatives shall chuse [sic] their Speaker and other and the Senate President pro tempore The President pro tempore is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate and the highest-ranking senator. The U.S. Constitution states the Vice President of the United States serves ex officio as President of the Senate, and is the highest-ranking official of the Senate even though he or she only votes in the case of a tie) that the President is unfit for office. If the President contests this finding, the Congress is directed to settle the matter.

United States Cabinet nominees are chosen from a large pool of potential candidates. One of the few qualification restrictions is set out in the Ineligibility Clause The Ineligibility Clause, often called the Emoluments Clause, and sometimes also referred to as the Incompatibility Clause or the Sinecure Clause, is located at Article 1, Section 6, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution. It places limitations upon the employment of members of Congress and prohibits employees of the Executive Branch from of Article One of the Constitution Article One of the United States Constitution describes the powers of Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government: "no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office." Accordingly, a sitting member of the United States Congress The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C must resign his or her seat to accept a Cabinet appointment. This clause also bars any member of Congress from holding an executive office that was created by law during his or her current term in Congress.

This constitutional separation between the executive and the legislative branches is the opposite of the British parliamentary cabinet system, where members of the Cabinet are required by convention to be sitting members of the legislature.

The Cabinet in federal law

There is no explicit definition of the term "Cabinet" in either the United States Code The United States Code is a compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal law of the United States. It contains 50 titles and is published every six years by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives or the Code of Federal Regulations The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules and regulations (sometimes called administrative law) published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government of the United States. The CFR is published by the Office of the Federal Register, an agency of the. However, there are occasional references to "cabinet-level officers" or "secretaries", which when viewed in context appear to refer to the heads of the "executive departments" as listed in 5 U.S.C. Categories: United States federal legislation | Official documents of the United States | § 101.

Under 5 U.S.C. Categories: United States federal legislation | Official documents of the United States | § 3110 federal officials are prohibited from appointing family members to certain governmental posts, including seats in the Cabinet. Passed in 1967, the law was a response to John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963's appointment of Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy , also referred to by his initials RFK, was an American politician, a Democratic Senator from New York, and a noted civil rights activist. An icon of modern American liberalism, he was a younger brother of President John F. Kennedy and acted as one of his advisers during his presidency. From 1961 to 1964, to the post of Attorney General The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. The Attorney General is considered to be the chief lawyer of the U.S. government. The Attorney General serves as a member of the President's Cabinet, but is.

Salary

Main article: Executive Schedule

Cabinet officials receive an amount of pay determined by Title 5 of the United States Code Categories: United States federal legislation | Official documents of the United States | . According to 5 U.S.C. Categories: United States federal legislation | Official documents of the United States | § 5312, Cabinet level positions qualify for Level I pay, which amounts to $199,700. Some cabinet-level officials, including the Vice-President of the United States A vice president is an officer in government or business who is below a president in rank. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning 'in place of' . In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president. A common colloquial term for the office is veep, deriving from a phonetic interpretation of the abbreviation VP and the White House Chief of Staff The White House Chief of Staff is the highest ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President. The office-holder has been dubbed "The Second-Most Powerful Man or Woman in Washington" due to the nature of the job, have their salaries determined differently.

Precedence and succession

The Cabinet of Barack Obama A native of Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 meeting in the Cabinet Room The Cabinet Room is the meeting room for the cabinet secretaries and advisors serving the President of the United States. The body is defined as the United States Cabinet. The Cabinet Room is located in the West Wing of the White House Complex, adjoining the Oval Office, and looks out upon the White House Rose Garden

Order of precedence

During a meeting of the President's Cabinet, members are seated according to the order of precedence The United States order of precedence lists the ceremonial order for domestic and foreign government officials, military and civic leaders at diplomatic, ceremonial, and social events within the United States and abroad. Former Presidents, First Ladies, Secretaries of State and Supreme Court Justices are also included in the list. The order is, with higher ranking officers sitting closer to the center of the table. Hence, the President and Vice President sit directly across from each other at the middle of the oval shaped table. Then, the Secretaries of State and Defense are seated directly to the right and left, respectively, of the President and the Secretary of Treasury and the Attorney General sit to right and left, respectively, of the Vice President. This alternation according to rank continues, with Cabinet-rank The United States Cabinet is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States. Its existence dates back to the first American President, George Washington, who appointed a Cabinet of four people (Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson; Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton; members (those not heading executive departments, the Vice President excluded) sitting at the very ends, farthest away from the President and Vice President.[citation needed]

Line of succession

The Cabinet is also important in the presidential line of succession The United States presidential line of succession defines who may become or act as President of the United States upon the incapacity, death, resignation, or removal from office of a sitting president or a president-elect, which determines an order in which Cabinet officers succeed to the office of the president following the death or resignation of the president. At the top of the order of succession are the Vice President The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The vice president, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term. The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of, Speaker of the House The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, or Speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article 1, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which states in part, "The House of Representatives shall chuse [sic] their Speaker and other and President pro tempore of the Senate The President pro tempore is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate and the highest-ranking senator. The U.S. Constitution states the Vice President of the United States serves ex officio as President of the Senate, and is the highest-ranking official of the Senate even though he or she only votes in the case of a tie, and Secretary of State The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet and the highest-ranking cabinet secretary both in line of succession and order of precedence. The current Secretary of State is Hillary Rodham Clinton, the 67th person, and third woman. Because of this, it is common practice not to have the entire Cabinet in one location, even for ceremonial occasions like the State of the Union Address The State of the Union is an annual address presented by the President of the United States to the United States Congress. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the president to outline his legislative agenda and national priorities to Congress, where at least one Cabinet member does not attend. This person is the designated survivor A designated survivor is a member of the United States Cabinet who stays at a physically distant, secure, and undisclosed location when the President and the country's other top leaders are gathered at a single location, such as during State of the Union Addresses and presidential inaugurations. This maintains continuity of government with regard, and he or she is held at a secure, undisclosed location, ready to take over if the President, Vice President, Speaker of the House, President pro tempore of the Senate, Secretary of State and the rest of the Cabinet are killed.[citation needed]

Cabinet and Cabinet-level officials

The Obama Cabinet. See also: Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet

The men and women listed below were nominated by President Barack Obama A native of Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to form his initial Cabinet and were confirmed by the United States Senate on the date noted. An elected Vice President does not require Senate confirmation, nor do White House staff positions like chief of staff or press secretary.

Secretary Gates was previously confirmed by the Senate (as President Bush's Secretary of Defense) and therefore did not need to be re-confirmed.

Cabinet

Department Office Incumbent Image in Office since
Department of State The United States Department of State , is the United States federal executive department responsible for international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries. The Department was created in 1789 and was the first executive department established Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton January 21, 2009
Department of the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner January 26, 2009
Department of Defense Secretary of Defense Robert Gates December 18, 2006
Department of Justice Attorney General Eric Holder February 2, 2009
Department of the Interior Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar January 21, 2009
Department of Agriculture Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack January 21, 2009
Department of Commerce Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke March 24, 2009
Department of Labor Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis February 24, 2009
Department of Health and Human Services Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius April 28, 2009
Department of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan January 26, 2009
Department of Transportation Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood January 22, 2009
Department of Energy Secretary of Energy Steven Chu January 21, 2009
Department of Education Secretary of Education Arne Duncan January 21, 2009
Department of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki January 21, 2009
Department of Homeland Security Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano January 21, 2009

Cabinet-level officers

Department Office Incumbent Image in Office since
Office of the Vice President Vice President of the United States Joseph Biden January 20, 2009
Executive Office of the President White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel January 20, 2009
Office of Management and Budget Director of the Office of Management and Budget Peter Orszag January 20, 2009
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative United States Trade Representative Ron Kirk March 18, 2009
Environmental Protection Agency Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Lisa P. Jackson January 22, 2009
United States Mission to the United Nations Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice January 22, 2009
Council of Economic Advisers Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers Christina Romer January 28, 2009

Former Cabinet departments

Renamed Cabinet offices

Executive officials no longer of Cabinet rank

Proposed Cabinet departments

Lists of Cabinets

See also: List of United States Cabinets

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: United States Cabinet

References

  1. ^ Constitution of the United States, gpoaccess.gov
  2. ^ The office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs existed under the Articles of Confederation from October 20, 1781 to March 3, 1789, the day before the Constitution came into force.
  3. ^ Feberal Emergency Management Agency (1996-02-26). "President Clinton Raises FEMA Director to Cabinet Status". Press release. http://web.archive.org/web/19970116185236/www.fema.gov/home/NWZ96/cabinet.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
  4. ^ Fowler, Daniel (2008-11-19). "Emergency Managers Make It Official: They Want FEMA Out of DHS". CQ Politics. http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=hsnews-000002988269&cpage=1. Retrieved 2010-03-03. "During the Clinton administration, FEMA Administrator James Lee Witt met with the cabinet. His successor in the Bush administration, Joe M. Allbaugh, did not." (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5ny13zsIv)
  5. ^ Tenet, George (2007). At the Center of the Storm. London: HarperCollins. p. 136. ISBN 0061147788. "Under President Clinton, I was a cabinet member - a legacy of John Deutch's requirement when he took the job as DCI - but my contacts with the president, while always interesting, were sporadic. I could see him as often as I wanted but was not on a regular schedule. Under President Bush, the DCI lost its Cabinet-level status."
  6. ^ Schoenfeld, Gabriel (July/August 2007). "The CIA Follies (Cont'd.)". Commentary. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/the-cia-follies--cont-d--10897?page=all. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "Though he was to lose the cabinet rank he had enjoyed under Clinton, he came to enjoy “extraordinary access” to the new President, who made it plain that he wanted to be briefed every day."
  7. ^ Sciolino, Elaine (1996-09-29). "C.I.A. Chief Charts His Own Course". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/us/cia-chief-charts-his-own-course.html?scp=5&sq=John%20M.%20Deutch%20cabinet%20rank&st=nyt&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "It is no secret that Mr. Deutch initially turned down the intelligence position, and was rewarded for taking it by getting cabinet rank."
  8. ^ Clinton, Bill (1993-07-01). "Remarks by the President and Lee Brown, Director of Office of National Drug Control Policy". White House. http://clinton6.nara.gov/1993/07/1993-07-01-presidents-remarks-at-swearing-in-of-lee-brown.html. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "We are here today to install a uniquely qualified person to lead our nation's effort in the fight against illegal drugs and what they do to our children, to our streets, and to our communities. And to do it for the first time from a position sitting in the President's Cabinet."
  9. ^ Cook, Dave (2009-03-11). "New drug czar gets lower rank, promise of higher visibility". Christan Science Monitor. http://features.csmonitor.com/politics/2009/03/11/new-drug-czar-gets-lower-rank-promise-of-higher-visibility/. Retrieved 2009-03-16. "For one thing, in the Obama administration the Drug Czar will not have Cabinet status, as the job did during George W. Bush’s administration."
  10. ^ Staff reporter (2009-02-09). "Bipartisan leaders of the Senate Small Business Committee renewed their call for President Obama to elevate the SBA administrator to cabinet-level status". Business Research Services, Inc.. http://features.csmonitor.com/politics/2009/03/11/new-drug-czar-gets-lower-rank-promise-of-higher-visibility/. Retrieved 2009-05-22. "The SBA administrator held cabinet rank in the Clinton administration, but not under President Bush."
  11. ^ "History of Legislation to Create a Dept. of Peace". http://www.thepeacealliance.org/content/view/54/130/.
  12. ^ Clarke, Jr., John (2009-01-16). "Quincy Jones Lobbies Obama for Secretary of Culture Post". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2009/01/16/quincy-jones-lobbies-obama-for-secretary-of-culture-post/. Retrieved 2009-03-16.

Further reading

External links

Cabinet of President Barack Obama (since 2009)
Cabinet
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton (since 2009)
Secretary of the Treasury Tim Geithner (since 2009)
Secretary of Defense Robert Gates (since 2009)
Attorney General Eric Holder (since 2009)
Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar (since 2009)
Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack (since 2009)
Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke (since 2009)
Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis (since 2009)
Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius (since 2009)
Secretary of Education Arne Duncan (since 2009)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan (since 2009)
Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood (since 2009)
Secretary of Energy Steven Chu (since 2009)
Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki (since 2009)
Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano (since 2009)
Cabinet-level
Vice President Joe Biden (since 2009)
White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel (since 2009)
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Lisa Jackson (since 2009)
Director of the Office of Management and Budget Peter Orszag (since 2009)
Trade Representative Ron Kirk (since 2009)
Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice (since 2009)
Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers Christina Romer (since 2009)
See also: Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet
Current members of the United States Cabinet

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What does it take to be an effective President of the United States of America?
Q. Truly think about it before answering, and notice I said "effective", in other words, somebody that can get the job done, whether it be he/her and his/her cabinet?
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A. Someone that is intelligent enough to make knowledgeable choices, and intelligent enough to surround themselves with smart, varied cabinet members. Ones that will tell what they think and not be just yes men. It would also take someone with enough integrity and courage to fight for the things that should be fought for, instead of worrying about reelection. The hard choices, the right choices would not be popular with their party members, the lobbyists, and probably a good portion of the population. Popular opinion is just that...opinion. Just because the majority like it doesn't mean it's right. Yet, it would take enough of a statesman that even though he is making these tough choices, he could still work with the two parties and make… [cont.]
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